radiation island crystal converter location

Based on this crystal, an ultra-high-temporal-resolution X-ray pinhole imaging system was constructed. In this paper, a ZnO:Ga single crystal with an applicable size of φ40 × 1 mm was prepared. These improvements render ZnO a promising candidate as an image converter. 22 obtained 3-inch ZnO single crystals using the hydro-thermal method. 21 acquired 2-inch ZnO single crystals, and Tanaka et al. Meanwhile, high-quality, large-size ZnO crystals have been successfully obtained: Ohshima et al. 19, 20 reported the potential use of ZnO as a high-spatial resolution imaging device. 18 reported the use of ZnO:Ga scintillators as alpha detectors and Nakazato et al. 17 studied the relationship between the luminescence intensity and the time response of different doped ZnO materials Neal et al. 16 reported the 40% NaI luminous intensity of ZnO:In Kano et al. 15 reported the influence of Ga doping on optical properties of ZnO. With the development of the crystal growth processes in the 21st century, many studies have been reported on the theory research and application of ZnO to radiation detection. However, there has been difficulty in obtaining high-quality ZnO single crystals because of their poor growth process, which restrains their application in radiation detection. In contrast, ZnO has been considered a potential material for transient radiation imaging: it has been known as an ultra-fast semiconductor scintillator since the 1960s 12 and has been used as phosphors in cathode ray tube (CRT) imaging 13. Organic image converters, such as BC-408, are not suitable for X-ray detection because of their low density and atomic number 10, 11. Inorganic image converters such as LaBr 3 and LSO are not appropriate for ultra-fast physical processes because of their slow response time 8, 9. The commonly used image converters can be divided into two types: inorganic (such as LaBr 3 and cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO)) and organic (such as BC-408). Consequently, a fast-response image converter is an indispensable part of an ultra-high-temporal-resolution X-ray pinhole imaging system. Generally, X-ray pinhole imaging 7 is commonly used to diagnose a transient X-ray radiation field, and its temporal resolution, which is a key parameter of the imaging system, is directly influenced by the temporal resolution of the image converter. Therefore, it would be highly beneficial to establish an ultra-high-temporal-resolution X-ray diagnostic system. In these fields, the duration of the X-ray pulse generated by the diagnosed object (diode, Z-pinch) is commonly tens of nanoseconds or less 5, 6. X-ray transient radiation imaging 1, which is a method for intuitively obtaining information on ultra-fast physical processes, has been considered for use in the fields of flash photography 2, inertial confinement fusion (ICF) 3 and high-energy-density physics (HEDP) 4.

The results demonstrate that the large ZnO:Ga single crystal can diagnose the spatial distribution of cathode electron emission in an intense current diode with high temporal resolution and provide new solutions for high-temporal-resolution diagnosis of a pulse radiation field. Results for shutter times of 4 μs and 5 ns were obtained, which directly represent the cathode electron spatial distribution throughout the entire pulse duration and during a certain moment of the pulse, respectively. Furthermore, an X-ray pinhole imaging system of nanosecond temporal resolution with a ZnO:Ga single-crystal image converter was established to diagnose the cathode electron emission spatial distribution of an intense current diode. The crystal exhibits good crystallinity and scintillation properties with a 63.94-arcsec full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) in the X-ray rocking curve (XRC) spectrum, 8% luminous non-uniformity, emission at 389 nm in the X-ray excited luminescence spectrum, fast response and 5.5% BGO luminous intensity. A ZnO:Ga single crystal with an applicable size of φ40 × 1 mm was prepared using the hydro-thermal method.

Radiation island crystal converter location